College Writing Essay -- Education Educational Persuasive Essays

College Writing When I was a senior in high school, I had an ogre for an English teacher. Mr. Bergan was one of the toughest teachers I ever had. The class was College Prepatory writing, and the goal was that, by the time we were finished, we should be able to write concise, well organized papers that would be acceptable to college level professors. Every day we would write papers, and Mr. Bergan closely read every one of them. Then he would hand them back with the details of any problems, and we would have to fix them. No one got an "A" from Bergan on their first hand in. He demanded perfection: any extra fluff had to be trimmed from the paper; any paper that did not end where it started had to be re-written so it did; if the introduction and the conclusion didn't match, we had to start the paper all over again. His demand for perfection paid off, and by the time the year was over, everyone in the class had the skills to write quality papers. Now that I am in college, I have found very few professors that demand such perfection. It seems that half-baked ideas and poorly written papers pass when the teacher doesn't have the time to pay close attention to every paper because he or she has too many other papers to read. I feel that if the teachers placed a demand for higher quality papers, rather than sheer numbers of papers, that student's writing skills would increase. Though I feel I do have the skills to write well organized, well written, high quality papers, I know that I do not utilize those skills on every paper I write. If a paper is due at the end of the quarter, I occasionally find myself waiting until the very last day, the very last possible moment before I start to write. I don't give myself enough time to w... ...flawless. There was really not much I could help this student with, so I asked her why she came in. She told me she wasn't a good writer, and wanted someone who could write well to make sure her paper was o.k. It was. Any student who doesn't realize the importance of his or her writing will not expend the effort needed to write a good paper, nor will they bother trying to obtain the sills needed to write well. They will try to b.s. their way through, caring very little for the paper itself and caring only for the grade they paper will recieve. If these things were done, I do not think it would be necessary to change the way English is taught. But, even if the change would be needed, it makes more sense to start with foundational issues of sentence construction, making sure that the simple sentences are well written, before moving on to any more complex issues.

Fire Detection Using Surveillance Cameras Environmental Sciences Essay

With the increasing figure of surveillance cameras being installed in everyplace, there is a greater demand for computing machine vision applications for sensing of unnatural events. Fire sensing utilizing surveillance cameras has become an of import country of research. Most current fire dismay systems are based on infrared detectors, optical detectors, or ion detectors that depend on certain features of fire, such as fume, heat, or radiation. However, these traditional fire dismay systems are non alerted until the atoms really reach the detectors, and they are normally unable to supply any extra information, such as the location and size of the fire and the grade of combustion. In contrast, vision sensor-based fire sensing systems offer several advantages. First, the equipment cost is lower, as such systems are based on CCD ( Charge Coupled Device ) cameras, which have already been installed in many public topographic points for surveillance intents. Second, the response clip for fire and fume sensing is faster because the camera does non necessitate to wait for the fume or heat to spread. Third, because the camera besides functions as a volume detector, as distinguishable from traditional point detectors, it can supervise a big country, making a higher possibility of fire sensing at an early phase. Finally, in the instance of a false dismay, the system director can corroborate the being of a fire through the surveillance proctor without sing the location. The purpose of this undertaking is to observe fire in picture by analysing the frame-to-frame alterations of specific low-level characteristics depicting possible fire part. These characteristics are colour, country size, surface saltiness, boundary raggedness, and lopsidedness within estimated fire parts. Because of flickering and random features of fire, these characteristics are powerful discriminants. The bing system for fire sensing algorithms in picture chiefly focuses on the colour facet of fire and on the form form to analyse the sum of fire gesture, which leads to a faulty consequence. Uniting both the spatial and temporal features of fire and fume can take to a better consequence. Besides the bing method chiefly deals with inactive camera, which is non the instance in newscast pictures. Computer vision-based fire sensing algorithms are applied in closed-circuit telecasting surveillance scenarios with controlled background. It can be applied non merely to surveillance but besides to automatic picture categorization for retrieval of fire calamities in databases of newscast content. In the latter instance, there are big fluctuations in fire and background features depending on the picture case. Chapter 2 LITERATURE SURVEY Early sensing of fire is an of import jobs, hence there have been many methods proposed to work out this issue. Color, geometry, and gesture of fire part are all indispensable characteristics for efficient categorization of fire from non-fire parts. In general, in add-on to colour, a part that corresponds to fire can be captured in footings of the spacial construction defined by the boundary fluctuation within the part. The form of a fire part frequently keeps altering and exhibits a stochastic gesture, which depends on environing environmental factors such as the type of firing elements and air current. These factors form the utile characteristics for observing fire. Based on these factors several utile characteristics for observing fire are: colour, country size, surface saltiness, boundary raggedness and lopsidedness.2.1 ColorFire has really distinguishable colour features, and although empirical, it is the most powerful individual characteristic for happening fire in video sequen ces. Based on trials with several images in different declarations and scenarios, it is sensible to presume that by and large the colour of fires belongs to the red-yellow scope, as in the instance for hydrocarbon fires, which are the most common type of fires seen in nature. For the type of fires considered ( hydrocarbon fires ) , it is noticed that for a given fire pel, the value of ruddy channel is greater than the green channel, and the value of the green channel is greater than the value of bluish channel. Unique colour scope of fire can be estimated in RGB and HSI individually. Hardware by and large display or present colour via RGB. So a pel is associated with a three dimensional vector ( R, g, B ) . HSI ( Hue, Saturation and Intensity ) is the manner of show which follows that how human sees. Here hue represents the sensed colour like orange or purple. Saturation measures its dilution by white visible radiation. HSI extract strength information, while chromaticity and impregnation correspond to human perceptual experience. Fire pels have a colour that runs from ruddy to orange to yellow to about white. This graduated table indicates the energy of the fire, with the redder the fire, the less temperature and radiant heat it is let go ofing. Color cues may be the most of import property when acknowledging fires in fire sensing. A colour infinite is a agency of stipulating colourss, and they can be classified into three basic dividers: HVS ( human ocular system ) based colour infinites ( e.g. RGB ) , application-specific ( e.g. CMY, YCbCr ) , and CIE colour infinites ( e.g. CIELab ) . To observe fire pels, a method is proposed [ 2 ] utilizing the Red channel threshold, which is the major constituent in an RGB image of fire fires and impregnation values. The colour chance theoretical accounts are so generated utilizing a unimodal Gaussian distribution from sample images that contain dynamic fire scenes. Fire pels are so detected utilizing these RGB chance theoretical accounts. The Gaussian chance distribution can be estimated as follows: where Ii ( x, Y ) is the colour value for the ith colour channel R, g, B in an image, ?i the average value of Ii ( x, Y ) , and ?i the standard divergence of Ii ( x, Y ) . To simplify the calculation, the distributions of colour channels of each pel are assumed to be independent, and the joint chance denseness map of the R, g, B chance distribution is given by:2.2 Area SizeArea is an of import characteristic of fire, the fire country represented by the figure of fire pels will be consecutively increasing if the fire has an instable and developing fire. To place a fire ‘s growing, we can cipher the size fluctuations of fire country from two back-to-back images. If the consequence is more than a predefined threshold value, there is a likely fire ‘s growing. For the estimated fire pel country, because of the fire flickering, a alteration in the country size of the possible fire mask occurs from frame to border. Non-fire countries have a less random alteration in the country size. The normalized country alteration ?Ai for the ith frame is given by: where Ai corresponds to the country of the fire blobs stand foring the possible fire parts in the PFM. In instance a difficult determination regulation is used, fire is assumed if ?Ai & A ; gt ; ?A, where ?A is a determination threshold. One of the chief features of fire is a changeless alteration of form due to the air flow caused by air current or firing stuff. Thus, campaigner fire parts are ab initio detected utilizing a simple background minus theoretical account. This procedure is indispensable for bettering fire sensing public presentation and cut downing sensing clip. Assorted algorithms have been late proposed to divide foreground from background. First, traveling pels and parts are extracted from the image. They are determined by utilizing a background appraisal method [ 3 ] .In this method, a background image Bn+1 at clip instant N + 1 is recursively estimated from the image frame In and the background image Bn of the picture as follows:( ten, Y ) stationary( ten, Y ) travelingwhere In ( x, y ) represents a pel in the n-th picture frame In, and a is a parametric quantity between 0 and 1. Traveling pels are determined by deducting the current image from the background image. T is a threshold which is set harmonizing to the scene of the background.2.3 Surface CoarsenessUnlike other false-alarm parts, like a xanthous traffic mark, fire parts have a important sum of variableness in the pel values. Filter Bankss are often used in texture analysis when seeking to depict a given form. In the instance of fire, nevertheless, it is really difficult to depict its texture with any given theoretical account. The entropy observed in fire can change significantly in frequence response ( cyclicity is frequently non present ) and gradient angles, for illustration. The discrepancy is a well-known metric to bespeak the sum of saltiness in the pel values. Hence, we use the discrepancy of the blobs as a characteristic to assist extinguishing non-fire blobs in the Potential Fire Mask.2.4 LopsidednessThe lopsidedness measures the grade of dissymmetry of a distribution around its mean. It is zero when the distribution is symmetric, positive if the distribution form is more dis persed to the right and negative if it is more dispersed to the left. Fire parts have high pel values for the green and specially for the ruddy channel. Very frequently, we observe a impregnation in the ruddy channel, taking the histogram to the upper side of the scope. This causes the lopsidedness of this distribution to hold a high negative value. For this ground, we employ the lopsidedness as an utile characteristic to place fire parts.2.5 Boundary raggednessGiven a metameric fire part, we retrieve its boundary utilizing a classical Laplacian operator, and so it is convenient for us to recover its 8-connected boundary concatenation codification [ 8 ] . From the concatenation codification, we can easy cipher the margin L of the boundary. Based on the margin and the country of fire part, we calculate the rotundity as L2/S, which describes complexness of the form, i.e. more complex form has greater value. Roundness can assist to acquire rid of the inerratic bright topics in the earl y clip. Traveling pels and parts in the picture are determined by utilizing cagey border sensing for the old estimation of the background strength value at all pixel places. Accurate sensing of traveling parts is non every bit critical as in other object trailing and appraisal jobs. We are chiefly concerned with real-time sensing of traveling parts as an initial measure in the fire and fire sensing system. We choose to implement this suggested method because of its computational efficiency. A fire in gesture has a comparatively inactive general form ( determined by the form of firing stuffs ) and quickly altering local form in the unobstructed portion of the boundary line. The lower frequence constituents of fire part boundary are comparatively steady over clip, and the higher frequence constituents change in a stochastic manner. Consequently, we use a stochastic theoretical account to capture the characteristic random gesture of fire boundaries over clip.Chapter 3PROPOSED WorkThe fire sensing method that is proposed in this paper foremost extracts the characteristics of fire like colour, country size, surface saltiness, boundary raggedness and lopsidedness. In this paper a probabilistic attack for fire colour sensing is used. Using this attack a Potential Fire Mask ( PFM ) is created and based on this mask the remainder of the chara cteristics are extracted. All these characteristics are so taken together into a classifier which classifies the part as fire or non-fire part.3.1 Potential Fire Mask creative activityHarmonizing to most fire sensing documents presented in the literature and based on our ain experiments, we notice that fire has really distinguishable colour features. Based on trials with several images in different declarations and scenarios, it is sensible to presume that by and large the colour of fires belongs to the red-yellow scope. For the type of fires considered ( hydrocarbon fires ) , it is noticed that for a given fire pel, the value of ruddy channel is greater than the green channel, and the value of the green channel is greater than the value of bluish channel, as illustrated in Fig. 3.1. Fig.3.1. Histogram of a fire part inside the black square, for the ruddy, green, and bluish channels. Several extra features besides hold, which are discussed in the followers, where colour sensing metric is proposed. This sensing metric is used to bring forth the PFM, which will so be further analyzed with the other non-color fire characteristics. Let a fire pel at place ( m, N ) in an image be represented by degree Fahrenheit ( m, N ) , where degree Fahrenheit ( m, n ) = and francium, fG, and fB are the ruddy, green, and bluish channels representation of degree Fahrenheit, severally. Let, and stand for the sample norm of the pels in a fire image part, for the ruddy, green, and bluish channels, as shown in Fig. 1. Interpretation, , and as random variables, we employ a Gaussian theoretical account for these variables, such ~N ( , ~N and ~N. With these premises, allow us specify ( 3.1 ) ( 3.2 ) ( 3.3 ) Where post exchange ( x0 ) represents the rating of the chance denseness map ( PDF ) of a random variable ten at value x0. In this instance, represents the mean value in the ruddy channel of an ascertained set of pels. Fig. 3.2 illustrates that the maximal value for DCR is obtained when = . Fig.3.2. Graphical representation of the parametric quantities in ( 1 ) . Maximal assurance is obtained when = . can be interpreted as a normalized metric that indicates the chance that a given part represents fire harmonizing to the ruddy channel distribution. For illustration, if in ( 1 ) is really close to, is really near to 1 and we assume with chance that the ascertained part represents a fire part ( sing the ruddy channel merely ) . To widen this to the three colour channels, in the followers we employ, , and as given in Eqn ( 3.4 ) . Using the definitions ( 1 ) – ( 3 ) , the proposed sensing metric to bespeak whether the ascertained part represents fire is given as = + + ? ( + + ) + ( 3.4 ) Based on the metric DC a binary image PFM is generated for each frame, such that where ?C is a assurance threshold degree and the values 1 or 0 indicate the presence of absence of fire at the matching location in the image f. The threshold ?C is the same for all pixel locations.3.2 Randomness of Area SizeFor the estimated fire pel country, because of the fire flickering, a alteration in the country size of the PFM occurs from frame to frame.Non-fire countries have a less random alteration in the country size. The normalized country alteration ?Ai for the ith frame is given by where Ai corresponds to the country of the fire blobs stand foring the possible fire parts in the PFM. In instance a difficult determination regulation is used, fire is assumed if ?Ai & A ; gt ; ?A, where ?A is a determination threshold.3.3 Surface CoarsenessWe use the discrepancy of the blobs as a characteristic to assist extinguishing non-fire blobs in the PFM. Therefore, fire is assumed if the blob has a discrepancy ? & A ; gt ; , where is determined from a set of experimental analyses.3.4 LopsidednessThe lopsidedness measures the grade of dissymmetry of a distribution around its mean. It is zero when the distribution is symmetric, positive if the distribution form is more dispersed to the right and negative if it is more dispersed to the left, as illustrated in Fig. 3.3. Fig. 3.3. Illustration of the consequence of positive and negative lopsidedness on a distribution. Fire parts have high pel values for the green and specially for the ruddy channel. Very frequently, we observe a impregnation in the ruddy channel, taking the histogram to the upper side of the scope. This causes the lopsidedness of this distribution to hold a high negative value. For this ground, we employ the lopsidedness as an utile characteristic to place fire parts. Let the sample lopsidedness of the ruddy channel be defined as where J is the figure of pels in the blob. A possible fire part nowadays at frame I is assumed as existent fire if where is a determination threshold.3.5 Boundary RoughnessFire does non hold a specific boundary feature on its ain. Therefore, we propose the usage the boundary raggedness of the possible fire part as a characteristic, given by the ratio between margin and convex hull margin. The bulging hull of a set of pels S is the smallest convex set incorporating S. The boundary raggedness is given by where is the margin of S and is the margin of the bulging hull of S. To calculate the margin, a simple attack is to number the figure of pels connected horizontally and vertically plus v2 times the figure of pels connected diagonally.A difficult determination regulation is used, fire is assumed if & amp ; gt ; , where is a determination threshold.Chapter 4EXPERIMENTAL RESULTSIn the experiments, different sorts of fires pictures such as edifice, wild land and residential fire, incorporating shootings captured at twenty-four hours clip, twilight or dark clip were taken. This diverseness is convenient to measure the public presentation of the system under different lighting and quality conditions. ( B ) ( degree Celsius ) ( vitamin D ) ( vitamin E ) Fig 4.1 ( a ) Input picture frame, ( B ) Histogram of R, G and B sets, ( degree Celsius ) Potential Fire Mask ( PFM ) , ( vitamin D ) morphologically closed PFM, and ( vitamin E ) the concluding PFM. Table 4.1 Table demoing some illustrations of the country alteration, surface saltiness and lopsidedness in the back-to-back frames. Frame Number Area ( Number of pels ) Area Change Surface Coarseness Lopsidedness 1 11159 No alteration Detected Negative 2 11159 Detected Negative 99 17623 Change Detected Negative 100 17717 Detected Negative 207 19058 Change Detected Negative 208 19203 Detected NegativeCONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORKIn this paper, we have proposed a new sensing metric based on colour for fire sensing in picture. In add-on, we have exploited of import ocular characteristics of fire, like country size, surface saltiness, lopsidedness and boundary raggedness of the fire pel distribution. The lopsidedness, in peculiar, is a really utile form because of the frequent happening of impregnation in the ruddy channel of fire parts. In contrast to other methods which extract complicated characteristics, the characteristics discussed here allow really fast processing, doing the system applicable for existent clip fire sensing. As the portion of minor undertaking, all the characteristics for fire sensing have been extracted. Now, these characteristics need to be fed into a classifier to sort the given picture frame as incorporating fire or no fire. A Bayes classifier can be employed for this intent.

Why Illegal Immigrant Is A Slur By Charles Garcia Essay

â€Å"Why Illegal Immigrant is a Slur† written by Charles Garcia, CEO of ALPFA.org – Empowering Latino Leaders, was published on CNN.com on July 6th, 2012. It is an article that argues against the political incorrectness and negative social impacts that the terms â€Å"illegal immigrant† and â€Å"illegal alien† have on the Latino communities and individuals. Garcia describes these titles that journalists continually use as â€Å"racially offensive language† (Garcia). However, there are many fallacies that arise in not only this article, but the argument in general. Strawman fallacies and misconstruing of words are the main faults that seem to make up Garcia’s statements. This can be largely contributed to this new culture or trend in modern America where we have begun to favor sensitivities, narratives, or what is called political correctness, over facts and unbiased judgements. Or in other words, law and justice takes the back seat when it comes to potentially offending someone’s feelings. In the beginning of Garcia’s article, he writes, â€Å"When you label someone an ‘illegal alien’†¦ you are effectively saying the individual, as opposed to the actions the person has taken, is unlawful. The terms imply the very existence of an unauthorized migrant in America is criminal† (Garcia). Not only does this fall under the strawman and either/or fallacy, but there is a severe lack of logic. The term illegal immigrant is a combination of two words with two different, valid definitions. According toShow MoreRelatedResearch Paper Illegal Immigration2213 Words   |  9 Pagesï » ¿Chynna Ellenburg ENG 1101-B03 Professor North January 10, 2015 Illegal Immigration In the United States, there are over 40 million immigrants, both legal and unauthorized (Auclair, Batalova, Nwosu 1). Of that 40 million, an estimated 11 million immigrants are not authorized to be in the country (Krogsadt, Passel 1). In recent news, there has been quite the debate over whether or not there should be amnesty or citizenship offered to some or all of the undocumented citizens in America. I have a